科普英語雙語精讀TG-2023-04-22期再現(xiàn)猛犸象的味道PDF版+Word版

衛(wèi)報(bào)雙語精讀TG-2023-04-22期再現(xiàn)猛犸象的味道（PDF版+Word版）

4.22每日一篇|英語外刊社

Scientistsresurrectthe taste ofmammothinlab-grownmeatball
科學(xué)家們在實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的肉丸中再現(xiàn)猛犸象的味道
【1】Amammothmeatballhas been created by acultivatedmeat company, resurrecting thefleshof the longextinctanimals. The project aims todemonstratethepotentialof meat grown from cells, without theslaughterof animals, and to highlight the link between large-scale livestock production and thedestructionof wildlife and the climate crisis.
一家人造肉公司制造出了一種猛犸象肉丸，再現(xiàn)這種早已滅絕的動物的肉。該項(xiàng)目旨在展示在不屠宰動物的前提下用細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)肉的可能性，并強(qiáng)調(diào)大規(guī)模牲畜生產(chǎn)與野生動物滅絕和氣候危機(jī)之間的聯(lián)系。
【2】Themeatballwas produced by Vow Food, an Australian firm, which is taking a different approach toculturedmeat. There are scores of companies working onreplacementsforconventionalmeat, such as chicken, pork and beef. But Vow isaimingto mix and match cells fromunconventionalspecies to create new kinds of meat. The firm has alreadyinvestigatedthepotentialof more than50species, includingalpaca,peacock,kangaroo, crocodile,buffaloand different types of fish. Their firstcultivatedmeat to be sold todinerswill be Japanesequail, which they expect will be in restaurants in Singapore this year.
這種肉丸是由澳大利亞細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)肉公司Vow Food生產(chǎn)的，該公司采用了一種不同的方法制造人造肉。目前有數(shù)十家公司正在研發(fā)雞肉、豬肉和牛肉等傳統(tǒng)肉類的替代品。但Vow Food的目標(biāo)是混合和匹配非傳統(tǒng)物種的細(xì)胞，以創(chuàng)造新型肉類。該公司已經(jīng)調(diào)查了50多個(gè)物種的潛在潛力，包括羊駝、孔雀、袋鼠、鱷魚、水牛和各種魚類。他們第一批出售給食客的人造肉會是日本鵪鶉，預(yù)計(jì)今年將在新加坡的餐廳開始出售。
【3】“We have a behaviour-change problem when it comes to meatconsumption,” said George Peppou, the CEO of Vow Food. “The goal is totransitiona few billion meat-eaters away from eating [conventional] animalproteinto eating things that can be produced inelectrifiedsystems. And we believe the best way to do that is to invent meat. We look for cells that are easy to grow, really tasty andnutritious, and then mix and match those cells to create really tasty meat.”
Vow Food首席執(zhí)行官喬治·佩普（George Peppou）說:“我們在肉類消費(fèi)方面存在行為改變的問題。我們的目標(biāo)是讓數(shù)十億肉食者從食用[傳統(tǒng)的]動物蛋白轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槭秤每梢栽陔姎饣到y(tǒng)中生產(chǎn)的東西。我們相信最好的辦法就是造肉。我們尋找容易培養(yǎng)、真正美味且有營養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞，然后將這些細(xì)胞混合搭配，創(chuàng)造出真正美味的肉。”
【4】Tim Noakesmith, who co-founded Vow Food with Peppou, said: “We chose thewoollymammothbecause it’s asymbolofdiversityloss and asymbolof climate change.” Thecreatureis thought to have been driven toextinctionabout4,000years ago byhuntingand the warming of the world after the last ice age. Plant-basedalternativesto meat are now common butculturedmeat replicates the taste ofconventionalmeat.cultivatedmeat – chicken from Good Meat – iscurrentlysold only to consumers in Singapore, but two companies have now passed an approval process in the US. In2018, another company used DNA from anextinctanimal to creategummybears made from gelatine from amastodon, anotherelephant-like animal.
與佩普共同創(chuàng)立Vow Food的蒂姆·諾克史密斯（Tim Noakesmith）說:“我們選擇猛犸象是因?yàn)樗嵌鄻有詥适Ш蜌夂蜃兓南笳鳌！边@種生物被認(rèn)為是在大約4000年前由于狩獵和最后一個(gè)冰河時(shí)代后全球變暖而滅絕的。以植物為基礎(chǔ)的肉類替代品現(xiàn)在很常見，但人造肉復(fù)刻了傳統(tǒng)肉類的味道。來自Good meat（美國新蛋白公司EatJust旗下培養(yǎng)肉品牌）的人造雞肉目前只賣給新加坡的消費(fèi)者，但兩家公司現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)通過了美國的審批程序。2018年，另一家公司使用一種已滅絕動物DNA（脫氧核糖核酸），另一種類似大象的乳齒象的明膠制作了小熊軟糖。
【5】Vow Food worked with Prof Ernst Wolvetang, at the Australian Institute for Bioengineering at the University of Queensland, to create themammothmuscleprotein. His team took the DNA sequence formammothmyoglobin, a keymuscleproteinin giving meat itsflavour, andfilledin the few gaps usingelephantDNA. This sequence was placed in myoblaststemcells from a sheep, whichreplicatedto grow to the20bn cellssubsequentlyused by the company to grow themammothmeat. “It wasridiculouslyeasy and fast,” said Wolvetang. “We did this in a couple of weeks.” Initially, the idea was to produce dodo meat, he said, but the DNAsequencesneeded do not exist. No one has yet tasted themammothmeatball. “We haven’t seen thisproteinfor thousands of years,” said Wolvetang. “So we have no idea how our immune system wouldreactwhen we eat it. But if we did it again, we couldcertainlydo it in a way that would make it morepalatabletoregulatorybodies.”
Vow Food與昆士蘭大學(xué)澳大利亞生物工程研究所的厄恩斯特·沃爾夫唐（Ernst Wolvetang）教授合作，制造出猛犸象肌肉蛋白。他的團(tuán)隊(duì)提取了猛犸象肌紅蛋白的DNA序列，這是賦予肉類風(fēng)味的關(guān)鍵肌肉蛋白質(zhì)，并用大象的DNA填補(bǔ)了少數(shù)序列空白。該序列被放入羊的成肌細(xì)胞干細(xì)胞中，這些細(xì)胞經(jīng)過復(fù)制，產(chǎn)生了200億個(gè)細(xì)胞，隨后該公司用這些細(xì)胞培育出猛犸象肉。沃爾夫唐說:“整個(gè)過程非常簡單和快速。我們只用了幾周時(shí)間就完成了。”他說，最初的想法是生產(chǎn)渡渡鳥肉，但所需的DNA序列并不存在。還沒有人嘗過猛犸肉丸。沃爾夫唐說:“我們已經(jīng)幾千年沒見過這種蛋白質(zhì)了。所以我們不知道當(dāng)我們吃它時(shí)，我們的免疫系統(tǒng)會如何反應(yīng)。但如果我們再做一次，我們肯定會以一種更能讓監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)接受的方式來做。”

1短語：

1.原文：The project aims to demonstrate the potential of meat grown from cells, without the slaughter of animals, and to highlight the link between large-scale livestock production and the destruction of wildlife and the climate crisis.

詞典：aim to計(jì)劃，打算；目標(biāo)在于……；以……為目標(biāo)

例句：Weaim tobring down prices on all our computers.

我們打算降低我們所有計(jì)算機(jī)的價(jià)格。

2.原文：Their first cultivated meat to be sold to diners will be Japanese quail, which they expect will be in restaurants in Singapore this year.

詞典：Japanese quail日本鵪鶉

例句：It provided objective evidences for resuming the size of wildJapanese quailand protecting wild Japanese quails.

這可為恢復(fù)野生日本鳴鶉群體規(guī)模，保護(hù)該物種提供客觀依據(jù)。

3.原文：There are scores of companies working on replacements for conventional meat, such as chicken, pork and beef.

詞典：scores of許多，大量，幾十

例句：He had mentoredscores ofyounger doctors.

他指導(dǎo)過許多更年輕的醫(yī)生。

4.原文：Plant-based alternatives to meat are now common but cultured meat replicates the taste of conventional meat.

詞典：cultured meat人造肉、培養(yǎng)肉

例句：Mironov is one of only a few scientists worldwide involved in bioengineeringcultured meat.

米羅諾夫是世界上為數(shù)不多的從事生物工程培養(yǎng)肉的科學(xué)家之一。

5.原文：This sequence was placed in myoblast stem cells from a sheep, which replicated to grow to the 20 bn cells subsequently used by the company to grow the mammoth meat.

詞典：stem cell[細(xì)胞] 干細(xì)胞，骨髓干細(xì)胞

例句：Stem cellresearch is supported by many doctors.

干細(xì)胞研究得到很多醫(yī)生的支持。

2長難句

1. 原文：The meatballwas produced byVow Food, an Australian firm, whichis taking a different approach to cultured meat.

分析：本句非限定性定語從句和被動語態(tài)。開頭“The meatball”是主語，“was produced by”是被動語態(tài)；“Vow Food”是賓語，,“an Australian firm”是“Vow Food”的同位語，“which”引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在從句中做主語，定語從句對先行詞“Vow Food”進(jìn)行解釋說明。

譯文：這種肉丸是由澳大利亞的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)肉公司Vow Food生產(chǎn)的，該公司采用了一種不同的方法制造人造肉。

2.原文：This sequencewas placedin myoblast stem cellsfrom a sheep, which replicated to grow to the 20 bn cells subsequently used by the company to grow the mammoth meat.

分析：本句包含非限定性定語從句，“This sequence”是主語，“was placed”是被動語態(tài)，“myoblast stem cells”是先行詞；“which”引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在從句中做主語，定語從句對先行詞進(jìn)行解釋說明。

譯文：該序列被放入羊的成肌細(xì)胞干細(xì)胞中，這些細(xì)胞經(jīng)過復(fù)制，產(chǎn)生了200億個(gè)細(xì)胞，隨后該公司用這些細(xì)胞培育出猛犸象肉。

3背景知識：

一只猛犸肉丸的制作引發(fā)了全球?qū)?xì)胞培養(yǎng)肉產(chǎn)品是否在社會未來中有一席之地的討論，同時(shí)意大利政府正在尋求禁止在歐洲國家銷售人造肉。但在澳大利亞，當(dāng)?shù)氐娜嗽烊夤荆鏥ow Food和Magic Valley，仍在不斷突破創(chuàng)新，尋求獲得監(jiān)管部門的批準(zhǔn)，將他們的人造肉產(chǎn)品上架超市。 悉尼的人造肉公司Vow Food制作了一只猛犸肉丸，旨在引發(fā)關(guān)于動物農(nóng)業(yè)及其如何導(dǎo)致氣候變化危機(jī)的討論。該公司的世界首創(chuàng)項(xiàng)目在荷蘭的一個(gè)科學(xué)博物館Nemo展出，目的是展示人造肉如何應(yīng)對環(huán)境破壞的潛力，而已經(jīng)滅絕的毛象象征著地球動物多樣性的喪失。人造培養(yǎng)肉，也稱為培養(yǎng)或細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)肉，是由動物細(xì)胞制成的，不需要?dú)⒑ι缶湍苌a(chǎn)。為了制作這個(gè)肉丸，Vow Food利用非洲象基因組中的信息，填補(bǔ)了猛犸象肌紅蛋白DNA序列中的空缺。科學(xué)家們將合成的基因插入了一個(gè)羊肌肉細(xì)胞中，然后在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中培養(yǎng)。Vow Food成立于2019年，開始用豬肉和袋鼠細(xì)胞生產(chǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培養(yǎng)的肉類，并自此擴(kuò)大了菜單，包括兔子、老鼠、山羊、水牛和羊駝。四個(gè)月前，該公司在Blackbird和Prosperity7Ventures領(lǐng)投的A輪融資中籌集了7340萬美元。 “Vow的使命是為數(shù)十億人類提供食物。我們想改變每個(gè)人對肉類是什么以及它能成為什么的看法。”Vow聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人Tim Noakesmith在展示項(xiàng)目的視頻中說。“培養(yǎng)肉顯著降低了通常與普通肉類生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的氣候影響。”

段落大意：

【1】一家人造肉類公司制造出了一種猛犸象肉丸。

【2】澳大利亞的Vow Food食品公司對人造肉的研究。

【3】Vow Food食品公司的目標(biāo)。

【4】相比于以植物為基礎(chǔ)的肉類替代品，人造肉更能復(fù)刻傳統(tǒng)肉類的味道。

【5】猛犸象肉的研究過程。

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