最近這段時間,真的盡量少穿黃色衣服出門,不然你就會發現,自己突然“魅力巨增”,只不過,是對蟲子的……
During the spring season, try to avoid wearing yellow when you go out — otherwise, you might find yourself strangely more attractive, but only to insects.
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圖片來源于網絡
為什么黃色這么容易招蟲子?這些蟲子是什么?
昆蟲的趨色性
植物的嫩芽和花朵往往有著明亮的顏色,很多花朵為了爭搶珍貴的傳粉機會,也多是明亮的黃色。對于傳粉昆蟲而言,明黃色的花朵意味著花蜜花粉的盛宴,而對于吸食植物汁液的小瓢蟲們,則代表著一片新的繁衍沃土。
于是,漫長的演化中這些小昆蟲便刻下了奔赴黃色等亮色的本能,這種對色彩的趨性常被稱為昆蟲的趨色性。
Unlike older parts of plants, young leaves and flowers tend to be brighter, with many flowers being yellow in color to attract pollinators. For pollinating insects, bright yellow means a feast of nectar and pollen. For sap-sucking bugs, it signals a rich new breeding ground. Over a long evolution, these insects have developed an instinct to move toward yellow and other bright colors. This built-in attraction is called chromotaxis.
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相比其他色彩,黃色對光的反射率較高,在昆蟲眼中會顯得格外明亮。同樣的,白色的衣服也有類似的效果。這些亮色的衣服對于空中飛舞的小蟲就像是一個光源,誘使它們爭先恐后地趕過來。
哪些昆蟲會被黃色吸引?
在城市環境中,蚜蟲和薊馬是被黃色衣服吸引的主要成員,在北方蚜蟲占絕對優勢,而南方則多是薊馬。
蚜蟲在分類學上歸屬于半翅目蚜總科,是一類有著很高多樣性的小型昆蟲。幾乎各類植物的嫩芽或花蕾上都能發現它們的身影。
蚜蟲不能咀嚼食物,它們的口器特化成針管一樣的結構,以刺穿植物表皮的方式吸取營養。
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爬滿蚜蟲的植物
薊馬則屬于纓翅目昆蟲。與蚜蟲類似,薊馬也不能咀嚼食物,但它們的口器更像是銼刀,銼開植物的表皮取食。
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In urban settings, aphids and thrips are the main insects drawn to yellow clothing. Aphids dominate in the north, while thrips are more common in the south. Aphids can’t chew — they have needle-like mouthparts that pierce plant skin to suck out nutrients. Thrips have mouthparts more like a tiny file, scraping open plant surfaces to feed.
除此之外,小型的葉蟬、木虱、粉虱等也會落到黃色的衣服上來,它們同樣對明亮的黃色有一定的趨性。和蚜蟲、薊馬一樣,這些小飛蟲也有著類似的侵害植物嫩芽的習性。
城市中常種植的月季、欒樹、楊樹、桃樹等都是蚜蟲、薊馬繁育的溫床,因此這些植物萌芽開花時,大量的小飛蟲就更容易出現在黃色的衣服上。
Common urban plants like roses, goldenrain trees, poplars, and peach trees are breeding grounds for aphids and thrips. When these plants sprout and bloom, bug numbers explode, making them much more likely to land on your yellow clothes.
不過,雖然這些小蟲子落在衣服上很招人厭煩,但萬幸的是,通常它們對人都沒有什么直接傷害。盡管可能弄臟衣服,但所幸它們既不吸血也不蜇人。
如何處理飛到身上的小膩蟲?
當發現這些小蟲落在衣服上時,建議大家不要直接用手去拍打,這些小昆蟲的身體非常脆弱,拍打往往會讓他們支離破碎,弄臟衣服,接觸到皮膚還有過敏的風險。
最好的方法就是猛烈抖動衣服將它們彈走,落在皮膚上的可以吹走它們,這些小昆蟲同樣沒有很強的防御能力,往往輕輕一吹就能解決問題。
If you find these bugs on your clothes, don’t slap them directly — their bodies are fragile, and crushing them will stain your clothes and may cause your skin to have an allergic reaction. The best way is to shake your clothes vigorously or to blow them off your skin. These insects have weak defenses, so a gentle puff of air usually does the trick.
來源:新華社微信公眾號 科普中國
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